The Holy Cross and Armenian History.
Every autumn, the Armenian Church celebrates the
Exaltation of the Holy Cross—one of the five major feasts of the Church, and
the most important of the four feasts of the Holy Cross. The Exaltation refers to the True Cross on which Christ
was crucified, which according to Church tradition was ceremoniously elevated
for veneration on three occasions. It was first elevated by St. James the
Apostle, the first Bishop of Jerusalem, who lifted the cross with the words
"We bow before thy cross, O Christ"—a formulation still used in the
Armenian liturgy.
The second occasion involved the discovery of the True
Cross after a period of some 300 years. In A.D. 326, Queen Helena, mother of
the Emperor Constantine, traveled to Jerusalem to identify the holy places
associated with Christ's life. She authenticated the True Cross by placing upon
it the body of a recently deceased youth, who was miraculously raised to life
when he came in contact with the formerly discarded cross. According to
tradition, the True Cross was overgrown with aromatic basil, which is used in
the commemoration of the feast day today.
The third occasion came in the 7th century, when the
Persians had seized the True Cross of Jesus after conquering the city of
Jerusalem. Leading a coalition of forces, including Armenians, the Emperor
Heraclius recaptured the cross and, en route to Jerusalem, passed with it
through Armenia, where the cross was repeatedly raised up and venerated.
On the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, the
Divine Liturgy is marked with an "antasdan" service (blessing of the
fields) during which the processional cross is adorned with basil (a symbol of
royalty) and the four corners of the church are blessed as a symbol for all the
world.
The cross is a source of great national pride for us as a
khachagir—or "cross-bearing"—nation. For over the centuries,
Armenians have borne Christ's cross with faith, hope and love. What was once an
instrument of torture and death—comparable to the modern electric chair—became
for us Christians the symbol of salvation, and victory over death.
Naturally, to those with no faith, our veneration for the
cross makes no sense at all. They cannot understand how so base an instrument
could be at the center of our worship, on our churches and altars. But we see
in the cross the instrument on which our Lord sacrificed Himself in order to
cleanse mankind of its sins. The cross for us is the instrument of life: a
divine sign that shows the power of life over death. It is for this reason that
Christians throughout the world venerate the Holy Cross.
Throughout our history, we Armenians have lived in the
shadow of the cross. Armenians were (and still are) geographically situated on
the "leading edge" of the Christian world. Having suffered for our
faith in Christ, we have also shared in the passion of His Crucifixion. No
wonder, then, that the cross would become pre-eminent among our national
emblems, appearing on the domes and walls of our churches, on our altars, in
our homes—even erupting out of the Armenian landscape, as stone khachkars.
Imagine the impact this sign must have had on the minds
of our ancestors in the Middle Ages! Everywhere they turned, the sign of the
cross confronted their eyes—in overt but also rather subtle ways.
Our churches have cruciform plans, and our priests bless
their congregations with crosses. We put chaplets with crosses on the heads of
those making the marriage vow. Babies —both boys and girls —are given crosses
at the time of baptism. We also give those children names like
"Khachig" and "Khachadoor" (in medieval times, our
ancestors used feminine forms of these as well). We even trace the lines of the
invisible cross etched into the very architecture of the human body, when we
make the Sign of the Cross.
Why did our ancestors surround themselves with crosses?
Perhaps because they understood that, human nature being what it is, all of us
are prone to making the wrong choices. So, in anticipation of their own moments
of fateful decision, they dotted the landscape with crosses, to unavoidably
remind themselves of "the power of God." To view the cross as a sign
of God's power is not simply to recall that He is watching us, knows the
secrets of our hearts, and will judge us accordingly (although this, of course,
is true). But more significantly, the cross is our evidence that God has used
—and will use—His power to help us in our times of trial: that through His son,
He has stretched forth His hand to mankind as a whole, and to every human
individual, to redeem us, guide us, support us—and make us worthy of His
kingdom, in spite of our mortal tendency to defy Him.
The Armenians of old took this power very seriously. One
of their favorite sayings was: Sourp Khachn yeghitsi eents oknagan—"Let
the Holy Cross be my support." We today could benefit from their wisdom,
by keeping our own thoughts focused on the mystery of the Holy Cross.
Such veneration should not be confused with idolatry. We
worship the idea or the mystery behind the Holy Cross. Our expectation and hope
from the sign of the cross is a reflection of our faith in the Resurrection of
Christ. The presence of that sign at every stage and every turn in our lives
reminds us that His blood was shed over the original cross, to free us as
individuals from our sins. As frequently as we confront a cross, we must be
aware of the sacrifice that Christ made on our behalf. More to the point, we
must consider why that sacrifice was necessary—and what is required from us in
response.
During times of adversity and upheaval, the Holy Cross
has been the most powerful support for the Armenian flock of Christ. And in
times of peace, too, the sign of the Holy Cross has been —and is—our most
abundant source of consolation. The cross casts its shadow over our lives—but
it also sheds light, healing old wounds, and illuminating before us the way to
God's kingdom. It guides us along a path of righteousness, whose ultimate
destination is victory over the ills of the world.
—Very Rev. Fr. Krikor Maksoudian and Christopher H.
Zakian
A Song in Honor of the Cross
See the sheet music for this song in Armenian!
Download pdf files: Page 1 (372 K) | Page 2 (280 K)
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